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KMID : 1100920230440020071
Korean Journal of Family Medicine
2023 Volume.44 No. 2 p.71 ~ p.75
Management of Sarcopenia in Primary Care Settings
Won Chang-Won

Abstract
With aging, loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle function increases, resulting in an increased risk of falls, frac-tures, long-term institutional care, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and even death. Sarcopenia, which is derived from the Greek words ¡°sarx¡± or flesh+¡°penia¡± or loss, is defined as a condition characterized by low muscle mass and low muscle strength and performance. In 2019, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) pub-lished a consensus paper on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The AWGS 2019 guideline, specifically, presented strategies for case-finding and assessment to help diagnose ¡°possible sarcopenia¡± in primary care set-tings. For case finding, the AWGS 2019 guideline proposed an algorithm that recommends calf circumference mea-surement (cut-off <34 cm in men, <33 cm in women) or the SARC-F (strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls) questionnaire (cut-off ¡Ã4). If this case finding is confirmed, handgrip strength (cut-off <28 kg in men, <18 kg in women) or the 5-time chair stand test (¡Ã12 seconds) should be performed to diagnose ¡°possible sarcopenia.¡± If an individual is diagnosed as ¡°possible sarcopenia,¡± AWGS 2019 recommends that the in-dividual should start lifestyle interventions and related health education for primary healthcare users. Because no medication is available to treat sarcopenia, exercise and nutrition is essential for sarcopenia management. Many guidelines, recommend physical activity, with a focus on progressive resistance (strength) training, as a first-line therapy for the management of sarcopenia. It is essential to educate older adults with sarcopenia on the need to in-crease protein intake. Many guidelines recommended that older people should consume at least 1.2 g of proteins/kg/d. This minimum threshold can be increased in the presence of catabolic or muscle wasting. Previous studies reported that leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is essential for protein synthesis in muscle, and a stimulator for skeletal muscle synthesis. A guideline conditionally recommends that diet or nutritional supplements should be combined with exercise intervention for older adults with sarcopenia.
KEYWORD
Sarcopenia, Primary Health Care, Diagnosis, Management
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